Ang Republika Federal sg Kabisay-an (The Federal Republic of the Visayas)
Historical Facts obviously omitted or deliberately hidden in our School History Books
(Source: History Reborn"The Federal Republic of the Visayas" -by: dinggol a.divinagracia*June 12, 2007)
*That Spain had already formally surrendered to the Federal Republic of the Visayas even before Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo was proclaimed Philippine President in Malolos, Bulacan on January 23, 1899. That our Independent Visayan Republic, had never been under the authority and jurisdiction of Aguinaldo's "Katagalogan" Republic in Luzon.
excerpted: "...A paper written by Jose Manuel Velmonte, a research associate at the UP Third World Studies Center, found that the Visayan revolutionary elites not only had sophisticated political ideas but also resented attempts by Malolos to assert its authority. A Tagalog military expedition sent by Malolos to Panay to assert its presence was met with hostility. The Luzon force led by Generals Ananias Diocno and Leandro Fullon was regarded by the Visayan revolutionaries, led by the Visayan supremo, Gen. Martin Delgado, as an ''invasion'' force ..." (Source: Inquirer-1999- 06-13 "View of revolt in provinces spurs revision" By: Amando Doronila)
According to Dr. Luis C.Dery, an eminent Filipino Scholar: "Expounding the extent of Aguinaldo's Philippine Army; the Bangsamoro nation's Mindanao, Sulu, and the rest of its islands never fell under Aguinaldo's politico-military control and sovereignty. In fact as late as August 1898 much of northern Luzon, southern Luzon, the Visayas, and Mindanao remained outside of the control of Aguinaldo's Republic. Thus, several military expeditions were sent to these places to bring' them to recognize the First Philippine Republic."
*That the 1898 Treaty of Paris preliminaries, should not have included territories of the sovereign "Visayan Nation"; the confederation of both the Central and Western Visayas Cantonal Governments by virtue of Spain's formal surrender prior to this U.S. and Spain treaty of peace (Paris) and the $20-million buy-out. Spain had no more legal rights to sell. In legal parlance "nemodat quod non habet” -meaning “you cannot give what is not yours”. It states that the purchase of a possession from someone who has no ownership right to it also denies the purchaser any ownership title.
This diplomatic "Faux pas" that was supposed to be officially consummated and became legal and internationally binding only on APRIL 11, 1899 should, or rather must be rectified.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
*June 12, 1898 -Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed Philippine Independence from Spain in Kawit, Cavite --but never won the war against Spain, as explained in the infamous betrayal --the "Mock Battle of Manila of August 13, 1898".
*Nov. 6 & Dec. 23, 1898 -Spain formally surrendered to both; the Negros Republic that merged (Dec. 2, 1898) with the Federal Republic of the Visayas based in Iloilo (respectively)
excerpted: "...These two nations, from a purely legal point of view, are COMPLETELY LEGITIMATE UNTIL TODAY. This could imply that the Manila-based Tagalista-oriented Unitarian central government of the Philippines in the Visayas and Mindanao is an Occupational Government, that ultimately originated from an invalid Treaty of Paris...."
Dr. Jose P. Dacudao; National President -Save Our Languages thru Federalism Foundation (SOLFED), Inc.
*July 4, 1946 -The United States of America granted Philippine Independence on a silver platter with strings attached.
"True Independence could never be just self-proclaimed nor bestowed upon, it has to be won and duly achieved with dignity" -- DinggolAranetaDivinagracia (Founder: Ilonggo Nation Movement (INM) Global Network ..Dec. 25, 2005)
Dinggol is an Ilonggo Historian of modern times. He is a lover of nature and reform activist by profession; a genealogist by avocation, and an avid advocate of the Cooperative Movement and "Parliamentary" Federalism. He is, likewise, a duly registered Researcher at the U.S. Library of Congress in the nations capital --Washington D.C.
"It is rather speculative as it is without basis of history if we mean of "history" is that which had been written for us by the "tutas" or lackeys of our colonial and imperial masters.." -- Benjie Evicner Estuche (INM Co-Founder)
"Federalism is not the best way, it is the only way"..
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oo0oo~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Join the Last Laugh with us!
*When Christopher Columbus said that the world is round, people asked -What? and then they laughed.
*When the Wright brothers said they'll fly and soar the skies, people asked -How? and then they laughed.
*When Jules Verne wrote someday man could travel below the seven seas and shall walk on the moon, people asked - When? and then they laughed.
*When John the Baptist prophesied the coming of the Lord, the Messiah, people asked -Who? and then they laughed.
*When the Ilonggo Nation Movement (INM) Global Network announced its mission and vision, people did not even bother to ask, What? How? When? or Who? --They just laughed and laughed. *People are still laughing, ...but the laughter is fading!
Ang inyo alagad sa guihapon -DinggolAranetaDivinagracia~~
(Source: History Reborn"The Federal Republic of the Visayas" -by: dinggol a.divinagracia*June 12, 2007)
*That Spain had already formally surrendered to the Federal Republic of the Visayas even before Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo was proclaimed Philippine President in Malolos, Bulacan on January 23, 1899. That our Independent Visayan Republic, had never been under the authority and jurisdiction of Aguinaldo's "Katagalogan" Republic in Luzon.
excerpted: "...A paper written by Jose Manuel Velmonte, a research associate at the UP Third World Studies Center, found that the Visayan revolutionary elites not only had sophisticated political ideas but also resented attempts by Malolos to assert its authority. A Tagalog military expedition sent by Malolos to Panay to assert its presence was met with hostility. The Luzon force led by Generals Ananias Diocno and Leandro Fullon was regarded by the Visayan revolutionaries, led by the Visayan supremo, Gen. Martin Delgado, as an ''invasion'' force ..." (Source: Inquirer-1999- 06-13 "View of revolt in provinces spurs revision" By: Amando Doronila)
According to Dr. Luis C.Dery, an eminent Filipino Scholar: "Expounding the extent of Aguinaldo's Philippine Army; the Bangsamoro nation's Mindanao, Sulu, and the rest of its islands never fell under Aguinaldo's politico-military control and sovereignty. In fact as late as August 1898 much of northern Luzon, southern Luzon, the Visayas, and Mindanao remained outside of the control of Aguinaldo's Republic. Thus, several military expeditions were sent to these places to bring' them to recognize the First Philippine Republic."
*That the 1898 Treaty of Paris preliminaries, should not have included territories of the sovereign "Visayan Nation"; the confederation of both the Central and Western Visayas Cantonal Governments by virtue of Spain's formal surrender prior to this U.S. and Spain treaty of peace (Paris) and the $20-million buy-out. Spain had no more legal rights to sell. In legal parlance "nemodat quod non habet” -meaning “you cannot give what is not yours”. It states that the purchase of a possession from someone who has no ownership right to it also denies the purchaser any ownership title.
This diplomatic "Faux pas" that was supposed to be officially consummated and became legal and internationally binding only on APRIL 11, 1899 should, or rather must be rectified.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
*June 12, 1898 -Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed Philippine Independence from Spain in Kawit, Cavite --but never won the war against Spain, as explained in the infamous betrayal --the "Mock Battle of Manila of August 13, 1898".
*Nov. 6 & Dec. 23, 1898 -Spain formally surrendered to both; the Negros Republic that merged (Dec. 2, 1898) with the Federal Republic of the Visayas based in Iloilo (respectively)
excerpted: "...These two nations, from a purely legal point of view, are COMPLETELY LEGITIMATE UNTIL TODAY. This could imply that the Manila-based Tagalista-oriented Unitarian central government of the Philippines in the Visayas and Mindanao is an Occupational Government, that ultimately originated from an invalid Treaty of Paris...."
Dr. Jose P. Dacudao; National President -Save Our Languages thru Federalism Foundation (SOLFED), Inc.
*July 4, 1946 -The United States of America granted Philippine Independence on a silver platter with strings attached.
"True Independence could never be just self-proclaimed nor bestowed upon, it has to be won and duly achieved with dignity" -- DinggolAranetaDivinagracia (Founder: Ilonggo Nation Movement (INM) Global Network ..Dec. 25, 2005)
Dinggol is an Ilonggo Historian of modern times. He is a lover of nature and reform activist by profession; a genealogist by avocation, and an avid advocate of the Cooperative Movement and "Parliamentary" Federalism. He is, likewise, a duly registered Researcher at the U.S. Library of Congress in the nations capital --Washington D.C.
"It is rather speculative as it is without basis of history if we mean of "history" is that which had been written for us by the "tutas" or lackeys of our colonial and imperial masters.." -- Benjie Evicner Estuche (INM Co-Founder)
"Federalism is not the best way, it is the only way"..
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oo0oo~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Join the Last Laugh with us!
*When Christopher Columbus said that the world is round, people asked -What? and then they laughed.
*When the Wright brothers said they'll fly and soar the skies, people asked -How? and then they laughed.
*When Jules Verne wrote someday man could travel below the seven seas and shall walk on the moon, people asked - When? and then they laughed.
*When John the Baptist prophesied the coming of the Lord, the Messiah, people asked -Who? and then they laughed.
*When the Ilonggo Nation Movement (INM) Global Network announced its mission and vision, people did not even bother to ask, What? How? When? or Who? --They just laughed and laughed. *People are still laughing, ...but the laughter is fading!
Ang inyo alagad sa guihapon -DinggolAranetaDivinagracia~~
Claim your birth right,
VISIT AND JOIN US! AT: "GLIMPSES OF ILONGGO HISTORY"
https://www.facebook.com/groups/2470058109983695
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oo0oo~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
"ACTA DE CAPITULACION~1898" (The Formal Surrender Document)
Ergo! we won our battle-scarred freedom and legitimate independence and became a sovereign nation. The "First" Republic in the whole of Asia, but was nipped-in-the bud by the "ugly" Americans. A diplomatic faux pas, a political blunder and a travesty of history! --DinggolAranetaDivinagracia~~~
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Sunday, August 25, 2019
Thursday, August 22, 2019
A Joint “Ilonggo” Celebration Half a Decade Ago
A Joint “Ilonggo” Celebration Half a Decade Ago
(By DinggolAranetaDivinagracia - IlonggoNationMovement)
“On July 26, 2014, a joint celebration was held at the home of Freddie and Jocelyn Abadiano in Chula Vista, San Diego CA. The occasion was for fellowship among different Ilonggo Groups in Southern California -USA, and to conduct the first general membership meeting under the newly elected prexy of IASC, Inc. who likewise, was the host celebrating his natal day on the same date." --dinggol.SD,name~~~
Freddie B. Abadiano who belong to the well -respected, politically influential & generous Abadiano-Braga clan of Calle Zamora, Iloilo City in the Philippines was the newly elected 2014 President of the Ilonggo Association of Southern California, (IASC) Inc. --a U.S.A. duly registered 501-c tax exempt non-profit, non-stock, socio-civic charitable organization based in Los Angeles, California.
Among those present were the twin brothers Nonoy and Toto Castellano who just arrived from Iloilo City; Franz “Boboy” Jereza, founder of Ilonggo sa America Face Book Group; Edsel Ruiz of Ilonggo Nation Grupo (San Diego)CA. and many others; while Dinggol Araneta Divinagracia was the Guest Speaker during the meeting.
(L-R): Dinggol, Edsel, Nonoy, Toto, Franz, Freddie and the rose among the thorns, the newly elected IASC VP the lovely Maribelle A. Montilla.
The 2 Ilonggo Shaolin Monks from Pueblo Temple received their solemn blessings from Dinggol.D for having mastered the Art of Beer Drinking.
(L-R): Teo “Third” Alejandria, Dinggol, Anwa Chua & Sambo Canto meeting again after a very long long while!
Conspicuously present during the affair were Fred and Hilda Akol-Yapjoco, Carling Trespeces and the Pototan Group who arrived a little late. Everyone enjoyed socializing, especially when the young ones and the young once started dancing.
To make the long story short, the joint celebration was a great SUCCESS! Padayon! ~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~ oo0oo ~~~~~~~~~~~~
Addendum: “Another Year, Another Birthday Celebration”
In photo: Dinggol and the birthday celebrant Freddie with Gary and Maje Oropel; Anwa & Rose Chua; Sambo & Joji Canto; the Garcia brothers Jimboy and Leo; Evelyn Aldeguer, Maribelle Montilla & Edsel T. Ruiz.
The Ocho Derecho sa ilimnan.(L-R): Oropel, Chua, Canto, Garcia, Balsomo, Abadiano, isa pa ka Garcia kag si Dinggol SD name.
Photo (L to R): Rolyn Muñoz, Nene Bonite, Akoh, Freddie, Sheila Perez and her lover boy Nonong Roxas.
(n.b.With apologies to those not mentioned due to lack of more material information)
THE “ILONGGO” FAMILY NAMES
THE “ILONGGO” FAMILY NAMES
(By DinggolAranetaDivinagracia-IlonggoNationMovement)
“To facilitate and expedite civil governmental and also ecclesiastical administrative functions; primarily the collection of taxes and Church service fees, and because native names did not favor the ignorant ears and indolent tongues of the Spanish conquistadors and the Friars --then Governor General Don Narciso Claveria y Zaldua issued an Executive Edict on November 21, 1849 that forced many of our complacent ancestors to change their names and adopted the surname as contained in the “Cedulario de Apellidos”. --dinggol.SD.name~~~
HOW THE ILONGGOS GOT THEIR FAMILY NAMES
IN ancient times, people carried only one or single names. Thus, we read of persons named Abraham, Nebuchadnezzar, Plato, Socrates, Hannibal, Alexander, Tutankhamun and also Cleopatra.
When the Spaniards came to the Philippines in the 16th century, the people in the islands had single names, v.g., Lapu-Lapu, Humabon, Sikatuna, Lakandula, Tupas, Soliman. As the population grew, however, it became necessary for people to be given surnames to avoid confusion and for accurate identification.
A similar thing was done to animals and plants, when scientists applied the binomial nomenclature. An animal or plant was given a scientific name consisting of two terms of which the first identifies its genus and the second the species itself. For example, the scientific name of abaca or lanot is musa textiles; and that of “cat” is felis catus.
In 1849, Governor-General Narciso Claveria issued a decree requiring Filipinos to have family names. The decree was accompanied by a Cedulario de Apellidos or a list of surnames. The provincial governors were given discretion to devise their own system of distributing the surnames to families within their jurisdiction. In Capiz, the governor gave the surnames listed under letter “A,” like Acuña, Andrada, and Arnaldo, to families in the capital town of Capiz (now Roxas City). By the time the distribution got to families in Dumalag, it already had names beginning with “F,” like Fegarido, Fajardo, Felarca and Faeldonia.
In Iloilo, Governor Felipe Combe ordered that the family names of people should start with the same letter as the initial letter of the name of the town where they lived. Thus, Alimodian residents received surnames starting with “A” – Alonsabe, Alipao, Altura, Alobin, etc. While the families in Guimbal were allotted surnames beginning in “G” – Garin, Gargaritano, Gellada, Gemarino, etc.
Tigbauan and Tubungan both begin with “T.” To differentiate the families in the two towns, those from Tubungan were given surnames that commence in “T” followed by a, v.g., Tagamolila, Tanalgo, Tagabe; and those from the bigger town of Tigbauan were allotted names under “T” followed by e, o, u, v.g., Teruel, Tenefrancia, Torres, Torrefranca, Tueres, Tuvida.
There are three towns that start with “S.” San Joaquin was given surnames under “S” followed by a and e, like Sanglap, Santacera, Servidad and Serag. San Miguel received names where “S” is followed by a, like Sale, Sanchez, Saclauso, and Salvilla. Sta. Barbara got “S” followed by e, i, o, and u – Senupe, Serisola, Sirilan, Simpas, Somo, Sorongon, Sumagaysay, Superficial, etc.
Why do surnames in Leon start with “C” and not with “L”? This happened because in 1849, the town was still named Camando. Camando got surnames that commence with “C” followed by a, v.g., Cajilig, Cabana, Cabado, Calaor, Calugas, etc. Calinog received surnames where “C” is succeeded by e, like Centena, Celeste and Celestial. Cabatuan got “C” followed by a, o, and u; for example, Caspe, Cabrera, Confesor and Cuello.
The same is true with Dueñas where surnames begin with “L” – Lagos, Labro, Lamasan, Lagarde, etc. This is so, because Dueñas was still named Laglag at the time the Claveria decree came out.
The capital town of the province was formerly spelled Yloylo, so it had families like Ybiernas, Ybañez, Ypolong, and Yrañela.
Jaro, the largest town in Iloilo, was allotted surnames under “G,” and “H,” and “J.” To mention some: Gonzaga, Gamboa, Hechanova, Hofileña, Jamandre, and Javellana. Pavia and Leganes were still parts of Jaro in 1849. That is why we find there Gorriceta, Gumban, Gustilo, Hisancha, Herradura, Jaen, Jinon, Jagunap, etc.
In 1849, New Lucena and Zarraga were not yet separate municipalities, but were parts of Sta. Barbara. This explains why family names beginning with letter “S” are predominant in these towns until the present.
The Cedulario de Apellidos included dozens of Spanish family names, but the bulk consisted of native words that were adapted as surnames. Some of these native names are interesting. In Sta. Barbara, for example, there are such names as Somogod, Sumulong, Sumogat, Sumalacay, Sumilhig, and Sumulat. In Dumangas, there are Demaisip, Doronila, and Demasuay.
Some Spanish officials who prepared the list of names in the Cedulario were mischievous. Imagine, they included the Bisayan words lugay and timbol. These words have ugly meanings in Iloilo, but the Lugay and Timbol families are prominent in Central Luzon.
On a personal note, I have been puzzled about my family name. At first, I thought it was Portuguese, for there are many Sonzas in Brazil where most surnames are Portuguese. Lately, I learned that the Sonza family name originated in Italy. It is Italian. How it got to Philippines, I have no idea. What I know is that I am from Iloilo, and proud to be Filipino!
(Source: Privilege Speech delivered by Hon. Demy P. Sonza, Board Member 2nd District, Iloilo Province on Dec. 1, 2015) ~~~~~~~oo0oo ~~~~~~~
Addendum:
The father or the oldest member in each family chose a surname for his or her family in the presence of the barangay head together with another barangay official.
However, several groups were exempt from having to choose new surnames:
Those possessing a previously adopted surname (whether indigenous or foreign) already on the list; or, if not on the list, not prohibited due to ethnic origin or being too much common, such as; De la Cruz, de Jesus, Del Rosario, De Los Santos, etc.
Incidentally, Mandurriao and Molo, two separate towns that were later incorporated as part of Iloilo City adopted the surnames that begins with letter “M” --for Mandurriao; Militante, Misa, Miraflores, Mirasol, Mesa, etc.
However, several natives in Molo did not take the Spanish surnames --instead, they adopted native surnames such as; Mabilog, Mabunay, Macairan, Macatiar, Macalalag, Macatual, Magahum, Magbanua, Magalona, Mahinay, Malabor, Malacaman, Maprangala, etc. --dinggol.d~~~
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