The American Invasion of the Ilonggo Nation
The United States Forces Invasion of Iloilo -Feb. 11, 1899 -
(By: dinggol araneta divinagracia - IlonggoNationMovement-Feb.11, 2012)
On Feb. 11, 1899, the US First Separate Brigade commanded by Brig. Gen. Marcus P. Miller, West Point Class 1858, invaded Iloilo City on Panay Island. The defenders in the first line of defense were Ilonggo forces under the command of Gen. Pablo S. Araneta; Antiqueños under Gen. Leandro Locsin Fullon and Tagalog / Batangueño expeditionary forces under Gen. Ananias Diokno.
While the group of Gen. Roque A. Lopez, Gen. Martin T. Delgado, Gen. Teresa Ferraris Magbanua and the other Ilonggo leaders were stationed at the outskirt of the City including Gen. Quintin D. Salas and his troops in Balantang, Jaro.
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The Semi-Weekly Gazette and Bulletin of Williamsport, Pennsylvania reports on the capture of Iloilo, issue of Feb. 14, 1899. (By Associated Press)
Manila, Feb. 14 -(9:35 a.m) -The United States forces under Brigadier General Miller captured Iloilo, capital of Panay and seat of the so-called government of the Visayan federation on Saturday last after a bombardment.
The rebels set the town on fire before evacuating it; but the American troops extinguished the flames.
There were no casualties on the American side........"
(Source: "Philippine-American War, 1899-1902" by Arnaldo Dumindin)
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REACTION:
The unwelcome vicious intrusion and uncivilized military invasion of our infant but legitimate independent sovereign nation by the ugly Americans is percieved by todays patriotic Ilonggos/Visayans in particular and many filipinos in general as a diplomatic faux pas, a historical blunder. Likewise, by other nationalities who share the Ilonggo Nation Movement (INM) Global Network's noble advocacy .
The above-cited 1899 news item published by Associated Press clearly manifested that Uncle Sam was fully aware that their target, Iloilo, capital of Panay was the seat of the government of the Federal Visayan nation.
It should be noted, that there was no formal "Declaration of War" between two conflicting sovereign nations, the USA and the Estado Federal de Bisayas (EFB). The global armed confrontation was the Spanish-American War that did not involved in any way the EFB, a seperate, distinct and independent legitimate sovereign nation. This was brought about by Spain's "formal" surrender earlier to the Visayan Federal Republic based in Iloilo.
On the contrary, Gen. Emilio Aguinaldos' government whose authority and jurisdiction had never truly included territories of Central and Western Visayas under the Estado Federal de Bisayas (spearheaded by the Ilonggos), could still be considered "subject" under the Spanish crown since he never won the war against Spain.
His opportunity was derailed by the betrayal of his erstwhile American trusted allies during the 13th of August, 1898 "Mock Battle of Manila" in Intramuros--
It is regretable, indeed, that Gen. Aguinaldo also decieved the Americans by making them believe his presidency covers the entire Philippine archipelago. The irony, was that the "tri-starred" banner/flag in anticipation of a Federal Philippines composed of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao were already being displayed in battle fields and was misconstrued that there was only one central government in control under Manila.
Moreover, Governor-General Don Diego de los Rios, the last duly constituted Spanish authority in the Philippines, failed to inform the U.S. government that he had earlier surrendered Spain's jurisdiction over to the Estado Federal de Bisayas.
The said AP news item, likewise, stated that the "rebels" meaning the Ilonggo patriots defending their battle-scarred freedom and national patrimony, set the town (Iloilo) on fire before evacuating it; but the American troops extinguished the flames. The truth of the matter, Iloilo City was almost totally demolished due to continuous naval bombardment for about a week by four (4) U.S. warships anchored along Fort San Pedro near Calle Sto. Rosario.
Furthermore, it reported that no casualties on the Amerian side but failed to report that hundreds of civilians, including defenseless women and small children whom the U.S. soldiers called "Chinese half-breeds" were massacred when the ferocious invading U.S. forces stormed Iloilo.
We strongly detest the cruelty and savagery inflicted upon our people during that black chapter in our history that maliciously "nipped-in-the-bud" --EFB's right to a seat in the council among sovereign nations of the world.
However, it is heartening to note that during those trying times there were men of goodwill in the "US Anti-Imperialist League"; Andrew Carnegie, Mark Twain, William James, David Starr Jordan, Samuel Gompers, George S. Boutwell, and others that were opposed to U.S. Philippine annexation and the U.S. policy of international intervention under the guise of "Manifest Destiny".
Padayon ang Hublag Ilonggo! --Agorang dinggol.d~~~
(Ilonggo Nation Movement (INM) precursor of Ilonggo Nation Global Federation (INGF)
The United States Forces Invasion of Iloilo -Feb. 11, 1899 -
(By: dinggol araneta divinagracia - IlonggoNationMovement-Feb.11, 2012)
On Feb. 11, 1899, the US First Separate Brigade commanded by Brig. Gen. Marcus P. Miller, West Point Class 1858, invaded Iloilo City on Panay Island. The defenders in the first line of defense were Ilonggo forces under the command of Gen. Pablo S. Araneta; Antiqueños under Gen. Leandro Locsin Fullon and Tagalog / Batangueño expeditionary forces under Gen. Ananias Diokno.
While the group of Gen. Roque A. Lopez, Gen. Martin T. Delgado, Gen. Teresa Ferraris Magbanua and the other Ilonggo leaders were stationed at the outskirt of the City including Gen. Quintin D. Salas and his troops in Balantang, Jaro.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ oo0oo ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The Semi-Weekly Gazette and Bulletin of Williamsport, Pennsylvania reports on the capture of Iloilo, issue of Feb. 14, 1899. (By Associated Press)
Manila, Feb. 14 -(9:35 a.m) -The United States forces under Brigadier General Miller captured Iloilo, capital of Panay and seat of the so-called government of the Visayan federation on Saturday last after a bombardment.
The rebels set the town on fire before evacuating it; but the American troops extinguished the flames.
There were no casualties on the American side........"
(Source: "Philippine-American War, 1899-1902" by Arnaldo Dumindin)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ oo0oo ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
REACTION:
The unwelcome vicious intrusion and uncivilized military invasion of our infant but legitimate independent sovereign nation by the ugly Americans is percieved by todays patriotic Ilonggos/Visayans in particular and many filipinos in general as a diplomatic faux pas, a historical blunder. Likewise, by other nationalities who share the Ilonggo Nation Movement (INM) Global Network's noble advocacy .
The above-cited 1899 news item published by Associated Press clearly manifested that Uncle Sam was fully aware that their target, Iloilo, capital of Panay was the seat of the government of the Federal Visayan nation.
It should be noted, that there was no formal "Declaration of War" between two conflicting sovereign nations, the USA and the Estado Federal de Bisayas (EFB). The global armed confrontation was the Spanish-American War that did not involved in any way the EFB, a seperate, distinct and independent legitimate sovereign nation. This was brought about by Spain's "formal" surrender earlier to the Visayan Federal Republic based in Iloilo.
On the contrary, Gen. Emilio Aguinaldos' government whose authority and jurisdiction had never truly included territories of Central and Western Visayas under the Estado Federal de Bisayas (spearheaded by the Ilonggos), could still be considered "subject" under the Spanish crown since he never won the war against Spain.
It is regretable, indeed, that Gen. Aguinaldo also decieved the Americans by making them believe his presidency covers the entire Philippine archipelago. The irony, was that the "tri-starred" banner/flag in anticipation of a Federal Philippines composed of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao were already being displayed in battle fields and was misconstrued that there was only one central government in control under Manila.
Moreover, Governor-General Don Diego de los Rios, the last duly constituted Spanish authority in the Philippines, failed to inform the U.S. government that he had earlier surrendered Spain's jurisdiction over to the Estado Federal de Bisayas.
The said AP news item, likewise, stated that the "rebels" meaning the Ilonggo patriots defending their battle-scarred freedom and national patrimony, set the town (Iloilo) on fire before evacuating it; but the American troops extinguished the flames. The truth of the matter, Iloilo City was almost totally demolished due to continuous naval bombardment for about a week by four (4) U.S. warships anchored along Fort San Pedro near Calle Sto. Rosario.
Furthermore, it reported that no casualties on the Amerian side but failed to report that hundreds of civilians, including defenseless women and small children whom the U.S. soldiers called "Chinese half-breeds" were massacred when the ferocious invading U.S. forces stormed Iloilo.
We strongly detest the cruelty and savagery inflicted upon our people during that black chapter in our history that maliciously "nipped-in-the-bud" --EFB's right to a seat in the council among sovereign nations of the world.
However, it is heartening to note that during those trying times there were men of goodwill in the "US Anti-Imperialist League"; Andrew Carnegie, Mark Twain, William James, David Starr Jordan, Samuel Gompers, George S. Boutwell, and others that were opposed to U.S. Philippine annexation and the U.S. policy of international intervention under the guise of "Manifest Destiny".
Padayon ang Hublag Ilonggo! --Agorang dinggol.d~~~
(Ilonggo Nation Movement (INM) precursor of Ilonggo Nation Global Federation (INGF)
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